Proof of Loss
A formal sworn statement submitted by a policyholder to the insurer documenting the details and value of a claimed loss.
A proof of loss is a formal, sworn document required by most property insurance policies that the policyholder must complete and submit to the insurer after a loss. It includes: the date, time, and cause of the loss; a detailed inventory of damaged or destroyed property with estimated values; any other insurance covering the same property; and the policyholder's sworn attestation that the information is accurate under penalty of fraud.
Most policies require proof of loss within 60–90 days of the loss (or the insurer's request for it). Failure to submit a timely proof of loss can give the insurer grounds to deny or reduce the claim. The proof of loss sets the stage for claim negotiation and is a legally binding sworn statement.
For large or complex claims, working with a public adjuster or attorney to prepare the proof of loss ensures that all items are documented, valuations are defensible, and nothing is inadvertently omitted. Omitting an item from the proof of loss can waive your right to claim it later.
Real-World Example
After the house fire, the adjuster asked the homeowner to complete a sworn proof of loss listing all damaged items—the document ran 14 pages and included photos and receipts.